“We are beckoned to see the world through a one-way mirror, as if we are threatened and innocent and the rest of humanity is threatening, or wretched, or expendable. Our memory is struggling to rescue the truth that human rights were not handed down as privileges from a parliament, or a boardroom, or an institution, but that peace is only possible with justice and with information that gives us the power to act justly.”
John Pilger

Tuesday, November 24, 2020

Human Rights and International Relations


http://sociologyofhumanrights.blogspot.com/

Instructor: Tugrul Keskin           

Course Description and Objective:
Over the last few decades, some concepts have become very popularized as a consequence of increased technological advancement and global market conditions, and their implications for human society. These include democracy, human rights, freedom, free elections, minority and immigrant rights, freedom of expression, religious freedom, academic freedom, and other related concepts. However, each of these terms holds vague meaning to those who seek freedom, human rights, democracy, and so on. Most importantly, these terms have been commodified in the marketplace. State actors, organizations, academicians and activists have also politicized these terms, resulting in careers based on the political usage and interests of those wielding power to decide what constitutes human rights. Human Rights ideology represents a political opportunity structure for many political and social groups and plays a major role in world politics today, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In this class, we will critically review and analyze the history of human rights in the broader context of globalization and power politics that determine how these concepts are understood and applied. This course provides an alternative overview of the definitions, history and development of Human Rights in the Western and Non-Western contexts.  

We will also explore the meanings, definitions, history, and development of Human Rights and its place in world politics from a sociological perspective. The sociological approach is different than political science and law because while each of these fields considers human rights as ascribed rights that come with birth, the field of Sociology takes into account the power relationships that are built into the understandings and the differential usage of the concept of Human Rights. Sociology also accounts for the cultural, societal and historical contexts in which the discussion of Human Rights arises.

Hence, this class will be taught from the perspective of society and culture, not through the lens of any particular set of laws and regulations. In this context, when we read the Human Rights violations reports published by HRW, AI or the US State Department Human Rights reports, we must critically approach and examine the highly politicized human rights issues in East Timor, Kashmir, Tibet, Xinjiang (Eastern Turkistan), Rwanda, Israel/Palestine and Europe. Because of the politicization and commodification of Human Rights, it is very difficult to create an objective and contextual approach to issues such as status of the Kurds, Palestinians, Uighurs, Mexican immigrants in the US, Turkish immigrants in Germany, Arabs in the US, among other examples. How can we improve women’s rights in Afghanistan? Who defines these rights? Why are there different approaches and definitions of Human Rights and from where do those differences arise?

The concept of Human Rights is embedded in the European and American framework of neo-colonialism and has therefore been commodified by the market conditions of capitalism. The colonial legacy of Europe created unintended consequences such as dictatorial regimes, cheap labor, and reactionary conservative and religious social and political movements in the former colonies. These conditions led to the human rights abuses that we see in those regions today. Europe and the US now exploit these weaknesses to the benefit of American and European economic interests. This dynamic became obvious after the Reagan Administration came to power in the US.     Because of this process, we have witnessed the emergence of the human rights industry in the West.

Learning Outcomes (Tugrul Keskin):

By the end of the course, you will have enhanced your:
    Critical thinking in relation to international studies and sociology
    Ability to question dogmas and taboos in today’s societies
    Consciousness of differing perspectives and diversity
    Understanding of world issues and trends
    Understanding of the impact of colonialism and imperialism in developing nations

You also will have increased your knowledge concerning:
    Resources in your potential discipline
    Resources specific to your region
    Traditional information sources
    Alternative information sources
    Knowledge of relevant methodologies

Learning Outcomes
Core Learning Outcome: Students will demonstrate an understanding of world cultures, politics, and economics, within the context of globalization, as well as developing the skills and attitudes to function as “global citizens.”

Specific Outcomes:
•    Demonstrate knowledge of global issues, processes, trends and systems (i.e. economic and political interdependency among nations; environmental-cultural interaction; global governance bodies).
•    Can articulate an understanding of her/his culture in global and comparative context; that is, recognizes that her/his culture is one of many diverse cultures and that alternate perceptions and behaviors may be based in cultural differences.
•    Demonstrates an understanding of the meaning and practice of political, military, economic, and cultural hegemony within states and within the global system.
•    Demonstrates an understanding of how her/his field is viewed and practiced in different international contexts.
•    Uses diverse cultural perspectives and frames of reference, including those of the media, to think critically and solve problems.
•    Uses information from other languages and other countries to extend their access to information and experiences.
•    Interprets issues and situations from more than one cultural perspective.
•    Can articulate differences among cultures; demonstrates tolerance for the diverse viewpoints that emerge from these differences.
•    Demonstrates a critical understanding of the historical origins of the nation-state, and its current role in the global system.
•    Can apply the key theoretical concepts in the field to interpret global issues.
•    Exhibits an ongoing willingness to seek out international or intercultural opportunities.

Required Books:
This course will use sections from the following books and articles:

1.    Paul Gordon Lauren. (2011). The Evolution of International Human Rights Visions Seen. University of Pennsylvania Press. http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14864.html
2.    Jean Bricmont.  2006. Humanitarian Imperialism: Using Human Rights to Sell War. Monthly Review Press. http://monthlyreview.org/press/books/pb1471/
3.    Judith Blau and Mark Frezzo, 2011. Sociology and Human Rights: A Bill of Rights for the Twenty-First Century http://www.sagepub.com/books/Book235439

Other readings will be posted on the D2L and you will find them under the course documents.

Recommended Additional Readings:
1.    RESOURCE BOOK: Hayden, Patrick. 1999. Philosophy of Human Rights: Readings in Context. Paragon House. http://www.paragonhouse.com/Philosophy-of-Human-Rights-Readings-in-Context.html
2.    Conor Foley. 2008. The Thin Blue Line: How Humanitarianism Went to War. Verso. http://www.versobooks.com/books/498-the-thin-blue-line
3.    Jack Donnelly. 2012. International Human Rights. Westview Press.
http://www.westviewpress.com/book.php?isbn=9780813345017  
4.    Ishay, Micheline (2008). The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era. University of California Press. http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520256415
5.    Ishay, Micheline (ed) 2008 The Human Rights Reader 2nd ed. Routledge Press.
http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415951609/  
6.    Ignatieff, Michael (2003). Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. Princeton University Press. http://press.princeton.edu/titles/7119.html   
7.    Goodale, Mark (2008). Human Rights: An Anthropological Reader. Wiley-Blackwell. http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405183357.html  
8.    Beitz, Charles R. (2009). The Idea of Human Rights. Oxford University Press.
9.    Moyn, Samuel (2012). The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History. Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674048720  
10.    Griffin, James (2008). On Human Rights. Oxford University Press.
11.    Mayer, A.E. (1995) Islam and Human Rights: Traditions and Politics. 2 ed, Boulder: Westview.
12.    Thomas Risse, Stephen C. Ropp, Kathryn Sikkink. (1999). The Power of Human Rights International Norms and Domestic Change. Cambridge University Press. http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/international-relations-and-international-organisations/power-human-rights-international-norms-and-domestic-change
13.    Goodhart, Michael (2009). Human Rights: Politics and Practice. Oxford University Press.
14.    Freeman, Michael A. (2011). Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Polity Press.
15.    Goodhart, Michael (2011). Human Rights in the 21st Century Continuity and Change since 9/11. Palgrave.
16.    Hunt, Lynn (2008). Inventing Human Rights: A History. W. W. Norton & Company, New York.  
17.    Perry, Michael J. (2000). The Idea of Human Rights Four Inquiries. Oxford UniversityPress. http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Law/PublicInternationalLaw/InternationalHumanRights/?view=usa&ci=9780195138283  
18.    Donnelly, Jack (2003). Universal Human Right in Theory and Practice Cornell Press. http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/?GCOI=80140100015050
19.    Turner, Brian (2006). Vulnerability and Human Rights. Penn State University Press. http://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-02923-4.html
20.    Wallerstein, Immanuel (2006). European Universalism: The Rhetoric of Power. The New Press. http://thenewpress.com/index.php?option=com_title&task=view_title&metaproductid=1365
21.    Steiner, Henry J. Philip Alston and Ryan Goodman (2007). International Human Rights in Context Law, Politics, Morals. Oxford University Press. http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/he/subject/PoliticalScience/PoliticalTheory/HumanRights/?view=usa&ci=9780199279425
22.    Somers, Margaret (2008). Genealogies of Citizenship.
23.    Mann, Michael (2004). The Dark Side of Democracy. Cambridge University Press.
24.    Falk, Richard (2009). Achieving Human Rights. Routledge.
25.    Beitz, Charles. “What Human Rights Mean.” Daedalus 132 (2003): 36-46.
26.    Waltz, Susan. “Reclaiming and Rebuilding the History of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” Third World Quarterly 23 (No. 3 2002): 437-448.
27.    Carol Anderson, Eyes Off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944-1955 (2003), pp. 271-276.
28.    Clark, Ann Marie. Diplomacy of Conscience: Amnesty International and Changing Human Rights Norms Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001: 3-20; 130.
29.    Keck, Margaret E. and Sikkink, Kathryn. Activists Beyond Borders. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998: 1-29.
30.    Hafner-Burton and Tsutsui (2005) “Human Rights in a Globalizing World: The
Paradox of Empty Promises” In American Journal of Sociology Vol. 110
(5): 1373-1411.
31.    Reus-Smit, Christian. Human Rights and the Social Construction of Sovereignty. Review of International Studies (2001), 27, 519–538.
32.    Bulaç, Ali 2000 "The Medina Document" In Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook Kurzman ed. Oxford University Press.
33.    Brysk, Alison. “From Above and Below: Social Movements, the International System, and Human Rights in Argentina.” Comparative Political Studies 26 (October 1993): 259-285.
34.    Etzioni, Amitai. The Normativity of Human Rights Is Self-Evident. Human Rights Quarterly 32 (2010) 187–197.    
35.    Sen, Amartya "More than 100 Million Women are Missing. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1990/dec/20/more-than-100-million-women-are-missing/?pagination=false
36.    Farmer, Paul 2005 "On Suffering and Structural Violence: Social and Economic Rights in a Global Era" In Pathologies of Power (pgs. 29-50).
37.    Hernandez-Truyol, B.E. and Jane Larson (2002) “Both Work and Violence: Prostitution and Human Rights” In Moral Imperialism (pp. 183-211).
38.    Cortyndon, Anna ed. (2007) “Trading Away our Rights: Women Working in
39.    Global Supply Chains, OXFAM International.
40.    Economist (2010) “Gendercide” The Worldwide war on baby girls” Print Edition. March 4. http://www.economist.com/node/15636231
41.    "The Sex Market" NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/09/world/the-sex-market-scourge-on-the-world-s-children.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm  
42.    "Women's Rights: Why Not?" NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/opinion/women-s-rights-why-not.html  
43.    "US Blocks Money for Family Clinics Promoted by UN" NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/23/world/us-blocks-money-for-family-clinics-promoted-by-un.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
44.    Cortelyou, Kenny 2009 “Disaster in the Amazon: Dodging Boomerang Suits in
Transnational Human Rights Litigation” In California Law Review 857.
45.    Mertus, Julie. “The Lingua Franca of Diplomacy: Human Rights and the Post-Cold War Presidencies,” excerpt from Bait and Switch: Human Rights and US Foreign Policy (Routledge, 2004): 39-74.
46.    Sikkink, Kathryn. "The Power of Principled Ideas: Human Rights Policies in the United States and Western Europe." In Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change, edited by Judith Goldstein and Robert O. Keohane. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993.  
47.    Okuizumi, Kaora. "Implementing the ODA Charter: Prospects for Linking Japanese Economic Assistance and Human Rights." NYU Journal of International Law and Politics 27 (Winter 1995): 367-408
48.    Japan Foreign Ministry, “Arc of Freedom and Prosperity: Japan's Expanding Diplomatic Horizons" http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/fm/aso/speech0611.html  (also see program for MOFA symposium, 2007, http://www.mofa.go.jp/policyillar/symposium0702.html)
49.    “China Issues Human Rights Record of the US” March 2007.  
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/zgrq/t302225.htm

Resources:
•    US Department of State - Human Rights Country Reports: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/index.htm
•    Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation – Report on the Human Rights Situation in the United States of America
http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/ns-dgpch.nsf/8f29680344080938432569ea00361529/2ab49ff642baf0c244257aa000254663!OpenDocument  
•    Amnesty International Country Reports:
http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/page.do?id=1041024
•    Human Rights Watch: Daily Reports
http://www.hrw.org/en/publications/reports
•    United Nations Human Rights Regime:
o    UNDHR: http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
o    UN Human Rights Section: http://www.un.org/rights/index.html
o    UN HR High Commissioner: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Pages/WelcomePage.aspx
o    UN HR Council: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/
o    UN HR Committee: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/hrc.htm
o    UN Convention Rights of Children: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm
•    Mailing list: http://www.hrea.org/lists/index.html
•    White Papers of PRC
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/whitepaper/home.html
•    Human Rights Library – University of Minnesota
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/
•    Philosophy of Human Rights
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-human/
•    H-Human Rights
https://networks.h-net.org/node/6148/pages/6153/resources-h-human-rights

Documentaries and Movies:  
1.    Taxi to the Dark Side (2007) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX0MPcN08Zc
2.    Life is Beautiful (1997) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64ZoO7oiN0s
3.    Standard Operating Procedure (2008)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-v65R9WIUq4
4.    The Story of Human Rights
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh3BbLk5UIQ&feature=related  
5.    Ali G on Human Rights
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zydq4S9c8Ys&feature=related
6.    The 30 Articles of Human Rights
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36CUlaqmFi4&feature=related
7.    Harvest of Empire (2012)
http://www.democracynow.org/2012/9/25/harvest_of_empire_new_film_recounts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0lsAYnBNaM
8.    Forgotten Bird of Paradise (full version) - undercover West Papua documentary
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=CaGou3vB3A0  
9.    The War On Democracy (2011) by John Pilger
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=FXTnVsy32bE
10.    These Birds Walk (2013)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaLSrOvHo_Q

Course Philosophy:
The goal of this course is to enable students to write a theoretically guided and empirically rooted research paper.  I expect you to become familiar with the social, political and economic underpinnings of Human Rights.

The success of this course depends on your continued and sustained reading and participation. The course will be based on a four-dimensional method of learning. This includes inquiry and critical thinking; communication; the diversity of human experience; and ethics and social responsibility. First, I would like you to critically analyze what you learn in this class or have learned so far through the media and education, because in today’s world, truth is a relative concept. Throughout human history, critical thinking has been one of the most important factors contributing to human development.  In order to become active, self-motivated, empowered learners and future leaders, you will need to have the ability to think critically, and therefore your criticism, feedback and suggestions are necessary. Second, I would like you to enhance your writing and oral communication skills in this course. Therefore, it is important to clearly elaborate on your arguments in class discussion as well as in the written assignments.

Third, we are each part of the human mosaic, and all have different experiences based on our social, political and economic differences. We can all learn from and respect each other and benefit from our diversity. Please try to learn from and understand those with different perspectives than you. Lastly, we need to learn that we are all part of this intellectual community and larger society, and all have social and ethical responsibilities to our family, community, classmates, and humanity. We live in a globalized world and therefore we must be aware of events in our community, and in the world today. In order to enhance our knowledge, we must critically examine our social, political and economic environment in order to apply this knowledge to our experience.
 
Course Requirements
To prevent confusion later, please read the following information:

Weekly Reflection Papers: Weekly reflection paper will include an open book essay that will determine what you have learned in class each week. I will ask you two to four questions regarding the same week’s class subject and discussion. The weekly reflection paper should be at least 1600 words. Font size should be Times New Roman, 12 point.  The due date for an each paper is Sunday by 11:59 PM.
Criteria: If your paper is less than 1600 words, or late, you will loose 2 points.    

Newspaper Articles: During the semester, you can bring 5 newspaper articles related with our class subjects. You cannot bring more than one article in the same week. You will have to summarize these articles in class.

Weekly Presentations: Each week, three or four students will be assigned a weekly topic from the readings. These students will summarize the readings and will prepare questions for the class and lead the class discussion. Each student must read the course material before they attend class and I expect them to participate in class discussion.

Final Paper: You will choose a topic related to Human Rights, which you will analyze within a theoretical framework described in the class and course materials. I must approve your topic and plan ahead of time; therefore, the final paper proposals are due as MS Word attachments emailed to me by Monday. The final paper is a short empirical or theoretical paper of at least 4000 words (font should be Times New Roman, 12 point), doubled spaced, and on a focused topic that relates directly to this course. The last day to submit your final paper is Sunday.

CRITERIA:
•    If you submit your final paper proposal after ……………..you will loose 3 points!
•    If your final paper is late, you will loose another 4 points!
•    If your final paper is less then 4000 words, you will loose 5 points!   

Format: ASA citation and bibliography format will be followed for all course assignments. All work should adhere to the guidelines published by the American Sociological Association (ASA) at:
http://www.asanet.org/cs/root/topnav/sociology_depts/quick_style_guide.
This is not a definitive source, but is a Quick Guide provided by ASA.

Participation/Attendance: Each student must read the course materials before they attend class, and I expect them to participate in class discussion. Regular class attendance is one of the most important parameters to successful completion of the course requirements. If you find interesting articles, books, videos, or other sources that pertain to the class topics and discussion, please share them with me and with your classmates. This can count towards your class participation score.

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY! - Electronic Devices & Other Classroom Policies

Coming late to class and leaving early: Latecomers will not be accepted in the class, so be on time. If you are late for a class, please do not disturb your classmates and me and do not come at all. Please also do not send an email or call me regarding your class attendance. If there is a medical need, bring a letter from a doctor. Whatever the reason is, if you cannot come to class, this is your responsibility. If you miss more than 3 classes, you will not receive an attendance/participation grade. PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE EARLY EITHER! This is a class, not a coffee shop!

Laptop and cell phone policy: No electronic devices (including but not limited to laptops, cell phones, blackberries, etc) are to be used in the classroom. This includes talking on the phone, texting, playing games, surfing the web, or any other inappropriate usage. Those caught using restricted devices will be asked to leave class. Lectures may not be recorded with audio or multi-media devices. Please turn your cell phone off before you come to class.

Responsibility: You and/or your parents pay tuition for this class; therefore, you have responsibility to yourself and/or your parents. Passing or failing the class is not the main objective, rather that you learn and improve your knowledge. Please read and try to understand the main concepts of this class. If you are having difficulty, please do not hesitate to see me and discuss your concerns!

Each year, almost half a million people graduate from Chinese public universities (see http://collegecompletion.chronicle.com/). As you will see from the statistics, the job market is very competitive; therefore, students need to improve their knowledge, skill, and experience in order to find a job they want. Learning is a lifelong process. An academic institution like Shanghai University will provide you with an educational discipline and methodology; everything else is up to you. You should study and improve your skills, in order to compete with the rest of the graduates. While you are in the program, you should apply for internships to obtain relevant experiences before you graduate. Therefore, if you need a letter of recommendation for an internship or job, please do not hesitate to ask me, if you receive at least an A, A- or B+ grade in my class. Please also remember that an undergraduate degree might not be enough to find the job you want; in that case, you might need to apply to graduate school. In order to apply to graduate school, you will also need to have a letter of recommendation. I am also happy to advise you on graduate school or provide a letter of recommendation if you receive an A, A- or B+ grade.  

Grades: Your grade for this course will be based on performance on the following components, shown with their dates and respective weights:

Item                    Date                Weight (%)

5 Weekly Reflection Paper                         60.0
Final Paper                                20.0
Weekly Presentation and Participation                10.0
Newspaper Articles                             5.0    
Attendance                                 5.0

The grading system in this class is as follows:
 
A        95-100      
A-         90-94     
B+          86-89     
B           85      
B-          80-84     
C+          76-79     
C           75     
C-          70-74     
D+          66-69     
D           65     
D-          60-64
F          (Failure)     
 

Course Timeline

First Week
    •    Introduction to Human Rights and Syllabus
•    The Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml

•    Beitz, Charles. “What Human Rights Mean.” Daedalus 132 (2003): 36-46. (D2L)

•    Falk, Richard. “ Human Rights.” Foreign Policy March-April 2004. (D2L)

•    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
1. My Brother's and Sister's Keeper: Visions and the Origins of Human Rights
Religious Visions
Philosophical Visions
Traditional Practices and Ideas of a Very Different Sort
Visions—and Reality

•    (Blau and Frezzo - Sociology and Human Rights)
Chapter 1. Introduction - Mark Frezzo
Chapter 2. Deepening Civil and Political Rights - Mark Frezzo

•    Video: The Story of Human Rights
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh3BbLk5UIQ&feature=related  
•    Video: Ali G on Human Rights
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=De6Ywje9wZE
•    Yes We Kony
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68GbzIkYdc8

Second Week
    •    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
2. To Protect Humanity and Defend Justice: Early International Efforts
To Free the Enslaved
To Assist the Exploited
To Care for the Wounded
To Protect the Persecuted

•    (Blau and Frezzo - Sociology and Human Rights)
Chapter 3. Ensuring Economic and Social Rights - Louis Edgar Esparza
Chapter 4. Promoting Cultural Rights - Laura Toussaint

•    Imperialist feminism redux By Saadia Toor - Dialect Anthropol (2012) 36:147–160. (Posted on D2L)
•    Russia - Report on the human rights situation in the United States of America (Posted on D2L)
•    China - Human Rights Record of the United States in 2013. (Posted on D2L)
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-05/25/c_131611391.htm

•    Movie: Life is Beautiful (1997) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64ZoO7oiN0s

Sunday
    Reflection Paper – 1

Third Week
    •    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
Entering the Twentieth Century: Visions, War, Revolutions, and Peacemaking
Modernization, Internationalization, and Visions of Rights
War, Revolutions, and Rights
Peacemaking and Human Rights
The Covenant: Rights Proclaimed and Rights Rejected

•    (Blau and Frezzo - Sociology and Human Rights)
Chapter 5. Globalizing the Human Rights Perspective - Bruce K. Friesen
Chapter 6. Cooperating Around Environmental Rights - Rebecca Clausen

•    Non-Western Human Rights Approach
Bulaç, Ali 2000 "The Medina Document" In Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook Kurzman ed. Oxford University Press.

•    Documentary: Taxi to the Dark Side (2007)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX0MPcN08Zc

Sunday
    Reflection Paper – 2

Fourth Week
    •    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
4. Opportunities and Challenges: Visions and Rights Between the Wars
A Flourishing of Visions
Opportunities for New Departures
Persistent Problems and Challenges
The Gathering Storm

•    (Blau and Frezzo - Sociology and Human Rights)
Chapter 7. Comparing Constitutions - Judith Blau
Chapter 8. Arizona’s SB 1070: Setting Conditions for Violations of Human
Rights Here and Beyond - Rogelio Sáenz, Cecilia Menjívar, San Juanita Edilia

•    Documentary: The War On Democracy (2011) by John Pilger
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=FXTnVsy32bE

Fifth Week
    •    Etzioni, Amitai. The Normativity of Human Rights Is Self-Evident. Human Rights Quarterly 32 (2010) 187–197. (D2L)   

•    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
5. A "People's War": The Crusade of World War II
War, Genocide, and Self-Reflections
Crusaders, Visions, and Proposals
Human Rights Versus National Sovereignty in Postwar Planning
Opposition from the Great Powers

•    (Blau and Frezzo - Sociology and Human Rights)
Chapter 9. Beyond Two Identities: Turkish Immigrants in Germany - Tugrul Keskin
Chapter 10: The Rights of Age: On Human Vulnerability - Bryan S. Turner  

•    Documentary: Harvest of Empire (2012)
http://www.democracynow.org/2012/9/25/harvest_of_empire_new_film_recounts

Sunday
     Reflection Paper – 3

Sixth Week
    •    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
6. A "People's Peace": Peace and a Charter with Human Rights
Insisting on a Peace with Rights
Politics and Diplomacy at the San Francisco Conference
The Charter of the United Nations
Differing Reactions and Assessments

•    (Blau and Frezzo - Sociology and Human Rights)
Chapter 11. Children’s Rights - Brian Gran and Rachel Bryant
Chapter 12. Growing and Learning Human Rights - Judith Blau

Newspaper Articles
•    Sen, Amartya "More than 100 Million Women are Missing. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1990/dec/20/more-than-100-million-women-are-missing/?pagination=false
•    Economist (2010) “Gendercide” The Worldwide war on baby girls” Print Edition. March 4. http://www.economist.com/node/15636231
•    "The Sex Market" NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/09/world/the-sex-market-scourge-on-the-world-s-children.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm  
•    "Women's Rights: Why Not?" NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/opinion/women-s-rights-why-not.html  

Seventh Week
    •    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
7. Proclaiming a Vision: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Revolution Begins
Challenging Questions of Philosophy
Difficult Problems of Politics
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

•    (Blau and Frezzo - Sociology and Human Rights)
Chapter 13. Going Forward - Judith Blau

•    World Report 2012: United States
http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-united-states

•    Documentary: Standard Operating Procedure (2008)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-v65R9WIUq4

Sunday
    Reflection Paper – 4

Eighth Week
    •    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
8. Transforming Visions into Reality: The First Fifty Years of the Universal Declaration
Extending Rights and Setting Standards
Protecting Rights Through Implementation
Promoting Rights
Expanding Activities and Enhancing Rights

•    Bricmont, Jean. Humanitarian Imperialism: Using Human Rights to Sell War.
Power and Ideology
The Third World and the West
Questions to Human Rights Defenders
•    Exploring the organizations: Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Freedom House, The Helsinki Commission, Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, etc.

•    Documentary: Forgotten Bird of Paradise (full version) - undercover West Papua documentary
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=CaGou3vB3A0  

Ninth Week
    •    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
9. The Continuing Evolution
International Law, the Responsibility to Protect, and Challenges to Sovereignty
Globalization, Development, Terrorism—and Torture
New Human Rights Institutions and Organizations
Technology and Political Will

•    Bricmont, Jean. Humanitarian Imperialism: Using Human Rights to Sell War.
Weak and Strong Arguments against War
Illusions and Mystifications
•    Exploring the Human Rights Reports: AI, HRW, US State Department Human Rights Reports.
•    Hafner-Burton and Tsutsui (2005) “Human Rights in a Globalizing World: The
•    Paradox of Empty Promises” In American Journal of Sociology Vol. 110 (5): 1373-1411. (D2L).
•    Documentary: These Birds Walk (2013)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaLSrOvHo_Q

Sunday
    Reflection Paper – 5

Tenth Week
    •    (Paul Gordon Lauren - The Evolution of International Human Rights)
10. Toward the Future
The Nature and Power of Visions
People of Vision and Action
Forces and Events of Consequence
Process, Politics, and Perspective
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

•    Bricmont, Jean. Humanitarian Imperialism: Using Human Rights to Sell War.
The Guilt Weapon
Prospects, Dangers and Hopes
•    Case Studies - Countries and Human Rights: China (PRC), US, Iran, Israel, Turkey, Zimbabwe, Mexico, Suudi Arabia and Uzbekistan.

Newspaper Articles:
•    “China Issues Human Rights Record of the US” March 2007.  
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/zgrq/t302225.htm

•    FINAL PAPER PRESENTATIONS (DRAFT VERSION) WEDNESDAY
    
FINAL PAPER
Sunday
Midnight
By Email – tugrulkeskin@t.shu.edu.cn





Tuesday, May 1, 2018

A New Book: Human Rights on Trial A Genealogy of the Critique of Human Rights

Human Rights on Trial A Genealogy of the Critique of Human Rights

Justine Lacroix, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Jean-Yves Pranchère, Université Libre de Bruxelles

Cambridge - May 2018
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/human-rights-on-trial/B060533D35B0CE6B870791518F5CE20B#.WucmfqtyReU.twitter

The first systematic analysis of the arguments made against human rights from the French Revolution to the present day. Through the writings of Edmund Burke, Jeremy Bentham, Auguste Comte, Louis de Bonald, Joseph de Maistre, Karl Marx, Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt, the authors explore the divergences and convergences between these 'classical' arguments against human rights and the contemporary critiques made both in Anglo-American and French political philosophy. Human Rights on Trial is unique in its marriage of history of ideas with normative theory, and its integration of British/North American and continental debates on human rights. It offers a powerful rebuttal of the dominant belief in a sharp division between human rights today and the rights of man proclaimed at the end of the eighteenth century. It also offers a strong framework for a democratic defence of human rights.

Thursday, March 9, 2017

Full text: Chronology of Human Rights Violations of the United States in 2016

http://english.gov.cn/news/top_news/2017/03/09/content_281475589762606.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2017-03/09/c_136115648.htm

2017-03-09

The report, titled “The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2016,” was released by the Information Office of the State Council, China’s cabinet, in response to “the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016” issued by the US State Department on March 3 local time.
Chronology of Human Rights Violations of the United States in 2016

Tuesday, June 28, 2016

The age of human rights imperialism

By Andrew Mwenda

NEW VISION - 4th June 2015 -

The timing was surprising because there have hardly been incidents of human rights abuse in Rwanda for a while. Instead the hearing took place against the backdrop of widespread demonstrations in the US against police brutality meted out against African American males. Why would the US congress be bothered by human rights in Rwanda, a country 15,000 miles away, when many of its own citizens are being killed by a run-amok police while others are being sent to jail in droves? In the mid-late 1990s and early 2000s, the government of Rwanda used to be highhanded. It relied on the systematic use of force to consolidate power to a significant degree. This was a period when RPF’s political base was narrow and the government was also fighting a ferocious insurgency inside the country. Since the end of insurgency in 2001 and the rapid growth in the organisational reach of the RPF, the government has progressively moved away from force to economic performance and delivery of public goods and services to citizens to consolidate power. There are still cases of human rights abuse. But they are isolated and occasional, not systemic. Human rights groups have remained oblivious of this progress in large part because acknowledging it takes away their relevance.

READ MORE....

Washington’s “human rights” imperialism exposed

Joseph Kishore

WORLD SOCIALIST WEB - 2 April 2015

The Obama administration announced Tuesday that it is resuming arms shipments to the military dictatorship in Egypt, beginning with the transfer of 12 F-16 fighter jets, missiles and the components required to build 125 tanks. In a personal call to Egypt’s ruler, General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, Obama also pledged to resume the annual transfer of $1.3 billion in military aid.  The White House made no effort to claim that Egypt had made “credible progress toward an inclusive, democratically elected civilian government”—the statutory condition for ending the suspension of military aid imposed in October 2013. Instead, it invoked an exemption passed by Congress late last year to override this requirement.  Resuming military aid to Egypt, the second largest recipient of such assistance from the US, after Israel, is “in the interest of US national security,” a White House statement declared. Obama told al-Sisi it was necessary for Egypt and the US to “refine our military assistance relationship so that it is better positioned to address the shared challenges to US and Egyptian interests…”

READ MORE....

Cultural Relativism and Cultural Imperialism in Human Rights Law

Guyora Binder

State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, SUNY Buffalo Law School 
1999  Buffalo Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 5, pp. 211-221, 1999 

Abstract:     
The "Universalism-Cultural Relativism" debate proceeds on the assumption that international human rights law requires the identification of fundamental principles of justice that transcend culture, society, and politics. Thus, the debate presumes that to assert the cultural relativity of justice is to deny the legitimacy of international human rights law. This comment challenges this presumed linkage between international human rights law and universally valid criteria of justice. Human rights standards are obviously culturally relative, and human rights law is obviously a Western institution. But so are the kind of states that human rights law sets out to restrain. The nation-state ideal is rarely fulfilled in the post-colonial world; the weak state sector is often just one cultural structure among many rather than the center from which a national culture radiates. The imperialism critique of human rights law hinges upon an ideal of national self-determination that may be unrealistic for much of the developing world. International governance of these societies is probably inevitable whether or not we acknowledge it. Rather than asking whether human rights standards are authentic to the national cultures of the developing world, we should ask whether and how human rights law marginally contributes to building societies capable of self-determination at some future point.

READ MORE....

Western Human Rights in a Diverse World: Cultural Suppression or Relativism?

Clancy Wright

E-INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - Apr 25 2014

This content was written by a student and assessed as part of a university degree. E-IR publishes student essays & dissertations to allow our readers to broaden their understanding of what is possible when answering similar questions in their own studies.

The Western cultural construct of human rights provides inherent and inalienable rights to all, regardless of culture and tradition. Non-Western cultures do restrict the application of human rights, but only when these rights culturally and traditionally breach the rights of their members. These cultural traditions, such as Sharia law and female circumcision, challenge the cultural foundations of human rights by providing alternative means of understanding the individual and their role in the broader community. As such, cultural relativists who support each culture’s right to variation, even if it grossly abuses the rights of its members, are wrong to suggest human rights is a form of cultural imperialism. Human rights provide a means of enabling all of humanity with inalienable rights without regard to differences or cultural traditions, and as such international human rights law is almost universally supported by states.

READ MORE....